The Representation-Production of Blacks On COPS

This major research paper is an examination of Black suspects on the crime reality television program known as COPS. This major research paper is a content analysis of COPS and the potential societal effects this may cause. The analysis shows that COPS over-represents Whites as police officers and Blacks as criminal suspects in comparison to labor and criminal statistics. The selected pieces of literature suggest that crime reality texts like COPS reinforce racist views and the so-called police racism. Citizens live in a mental environment filled with myths and understandings of the world around them. This major research paper focuses on the myth of Blacks and crime. The study is based on the idea that Blacks are overrepresented on COPS as criminal suspects perpetuating the Black Criminal stereotype, justifying controversial policing practices such as racial profiling, supports and disseminates a law and order/crime control ideology, and makes Black individuals' presence in particular spaces socially unacceptable. The Black criminal stereotype is perpetuated on COPS through the over-proportionate representation of Blacks as criminal suspects. This constructs the idea that Blacks are responsible for the majority of crime because of a supposed biological inferiority to the White race. How audiences are likely to interpret the imagery on COPS is examined through the lenses of George Gerbner (1988; 1976) and Stuart Hall (2013; 1972). The violence disseminated on COPS makes viewers believe the world is more dangerous than it actually is, experience heightened levels of racism, and support law and order/crime control policies and policing. The actuality, but as info-tainment (Information-entertainment). Along with very seamless editing, COPS footage appears very realistic. The stereotypical showcase of young Black males committing street crimes works to normalize the realistic appearing content, which acts as a tool to reproduce a racial hierarchy, social order, and white domination. This is shown through multiple content analyses of COPS. The bu This has the potential to have a number of implications of viewers supporting crime control polices such as stop and frisk and racial profiling. The constant appearance of Blacks as guilty criminal suspects, has given rise to nation wide Suspicion of Blacks males and the enacting of racist legislation designed to deal with the Black threat. The enactment of Castle Doctrines serve as an example of the racial tensions that have been amplified in the United States.¹ The case of Trayvon Martin is discussed in relation to Michel Foucault's disciplinary and biopower and criminalization of the black body and concludes with a discussion of Caucasian perceptions of Black space. ______________________ ¹ Castle Doctrines and 'stand-your-ground' laws are legal defenses for individuals charged with criminal homicide. A Castle Doctrine empowers an individual to use reasonable force, including deadly force to defend their respective person, or others. Stand-your-ground laws allow individuals to use reasonable force, including deadly force for purposes of self-defense, or where there is reasonable belief of a threat. Stand-your-ground laws do not require individuals to retreat inside of their premise thus allowing individuals to use deadly force in public environments when there is reasonable belief of threat

Effective Respiratory Protection for Low Resource Areas

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Fall 2020Developed respiratory protection for frontline medical workers in low resource areas facing N95 shortages, specifically Ghana. Ghana is unable to manufacture N95 masks, and they are currently being imported. To navigate this issue, our team worked with local stakeholders including the Ghana Society of Biomedical Engineers. Our team designed a solution that effectively filters COVID-19 particles using local materials at an affordable price. The report includes the team's final design solution of a cloth mask with an inserted N95 filter.Caroline Soyars, College of Engineering Global Health Design Initiative, University of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/164435/1/Effective_Respiratory_Protection_for_Low_Resource_Areas.pd

British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society Guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery - 2020 Update

Bariatric surgery is recognised as the most clinically and cost-effective treatment for people with severe and complex obesity. Many people presenting for surgery have pre-existing low vitamin and mineral concentrations. The incidence of these may increase after bariatric surgery as all procedures potentially cause clinically significant micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, preparation for surgery and long term nutritional monitoring and follow-up are essential components of bariatric surgical care. These guidelines update the 2014 British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society nutritional guidelines. Since the 2014 guidelines the working group has been expanded to include healthcare professionals working in specialist and non-specialist care as well as patient representatives. In addition, in these updated guidelines the current evidence has been systematically reviewed for adults and adolescents undergoing the following procedures: adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch. Using methods based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology, the levels of evidence and recommendations have been graded. These guidelines are comprehensive, encompassing preoperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring, vitamin and mineral supplementation and correction of nutrition deficiencies before, and following bariatric surgery, and make recommendations for safe clinical practice in the UK setting